This flagship: a. Aims to secure the essential role of livestock in ensuring nutritional security and contributing to poverty reduction for a growing population, in the context of ongoing global change, by reducing the environmental footprint of the livestock production, b. Aims to ensure that livestock continue to enhance the ecosystem services necessary to sustain productivity and improve resilience to global environmental changes, c. Fills a unique role by contributing evidence to the global debate in livestock and the environment that is specific to the developing world and to poor and vulnerable small-scale producers undergoing either fragile or more rapid market-oriented growth, d. Uses field research to develop and test context- specific solutions that minimize the trade-offs between increasing productivity, enhancing ecosystem services, reducing environmental footprints, and adapting the expected environmental change, e. Works with partners and stakeholders to enhance evidence-based decision -making at household, community and policy levels, informing global debates and models so they better apply to developing country contexts.