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The combined effects of climate change and farmer request for high-performance cultivars have contributed to a great reduction of the cultivated wheat genetic diversity and the loss of the cultivation of old grains. Legumes, particularly lentil and chickpea, are also traditional Mediterranean crops as well as the best option for rotation/consociation with wheat. They are consumed as staple foods by large proportion of the population mainly in developing countries, and their use in diet is increasing worldwide. Lentil and chickpea are part of cereal-based crop systems in many countries. They contribute to sustainable farming thanks to their ability to fix nitrogen in soils. In this context, CerealMed proposes the valorisation and rediscovery of landraces and domesticated relatives of tetraploid (i.e. Triticum turgidum ssp turgidum, ssp. turanicum, ssp. polonicum) wheat for cultivation in specific farming systems. Furthermore, other not yet domesticated wild species (i.e. T. turgidum ssp dicoccoides, Aegilops species) represent a remarkable reservoir of genes and alleles for resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to various abiotic pressures and good nutritional values. Likewise, lentil and chickpea landraces and wild relatives such as Lens orientalis could be used in pre-breeding activities to enhance the genetic base for developing varieties with improved biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance.